That he had never borrowed it in the first place.That it was already damaged when he borrowed it.That he had returned the kettle undamaged.A man is accused by his neighbour of returning a borrowed kettle in a damaged condition and answers: Kettle logic ( logique du chaudron) was named by philosopher Jacques Derrida for a story that Sigmund Freud told in "Irma's dream" in The Interpretation of Dreams and Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious. Unintentional apophasis is rather to bring up a subject which is best left alone, such as Donald Trump talking about the size of his hands. Intentional apophasis is to bring up a subject with the pretense of not mentioning it, such as "I will not dwell on my opponent's atheism". See the main article on this topic: ApophasisĪ literary term is for a species of irony, unintentional apophasis. An argument may be formed as a deliberate oxymoron, as a striking way of saying something, or other metaphor, and is not to be taken literally.Īnd one must distinguish between a self-refuting idea and the quite useful reductio ad absurdum, where one begins with the assumptions that one is trying to refute and shows that they result in a contradiction or other unwelcome conclusion.Ĭanceling hypotheses occurs when someone explains away the absence of the evidence for something / consequences of something by ( ad hoc) introducing a new hypothesis which cancels the effect of the first. One ought to be aware of the principle of charity, to take the most reasonable interpretation of one's opponent's words. It is important to distinguish this from ad hoc attempts to rescue a self-refuting idea by adding terms to it after the fact. This ignores the author's intended definition of the two terms – Proudhon referred to the private property of landowners and capitalists, claiming they "stole" profits from workers (he called his preferred property concept "possession"). The common Objectivist example of the stolen concept is Pierre-Joseph Proudhon's statement that "property is theft" it is argued that this is self-negating, as theft requires a concept of lawful property. However, a claim of self-refutation may be based on semantics or a straw man. This is particularly common when the person making the claim is cherry picking, since they may not bother to check if the things they're picking even are cherries. Self-refuting ideas are relatively common among those who don't consider the assumptions they're making or what those assumptions actually mean the result is an argument that undermines itself. Stolen concept fallacy (coined by Ayn Rand).3.1 Statements or concepts involving explicit or implicit absolutes/universals.
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